In oil palm plantations, open flowers give a strong odor like aniseed which is attributed to the emission of methylchavicol 37, 38. A new variety of oil palm developed using traditional plant breeding techniques will increase crude palm oil yields by up to double current levels, says smart tbk, a subsidiary of goldenagri resources gar. Growth and production of oil palm encyclopedia of life. I visited the oil palm fields to view the oil palm and other exhibits. In the nature, the seeds have a relative dormancy leading to very long germination process 1 to 3. Ii growth and production of oil palm willy verheye encyclopedia of life support systemseolss of trees appearing to be oil palms as early as 1434.
We will highlight here the main aspects of breeding practices, such as objectives and technical choices, which have an influence on the sustainability of oil palm plantations. Genetic background of three commercial oil palm breeding. The advancement of oil palm breeding applied agricultural. Proceedings of the international workshop on oil palm germplasm and utilization, selangor, 2627 march 1986, 228237. The oil palm is the second most important oil crop next to soybean and is poised to become the dominant oil crop early in the new decade mielke 2000. Jun 30, 2017 in practice, progeny and individual palm selection are believed to be the most suitable breeding approach for improvement of quantitative traits in oil palm because their phenotypic expressions are strongly influenced by abiotic factors.
The aims of this study were to determine the contribution of some growth and physiological parameters to drought response variation in oil palm seedling and to use those parameters to evaluate relative drought stress tolerance in tenera oil palm progenies. Remarkably, oil palm has remained profitable through periods of low prices. Breeding and selection, cloning and genetic engineering, oil palm, oil yield. Aug 15, 20 a key event in the domestication and breeding of the oil palm, elaeis guineensis, was loss of the thick coconutlike shell surrounding the kernel. In 1508 already reference has been made to palm groves in liberia, and to palm oil trade near the forcados river in nigeria.
The manual is handson, providing stepbystep illustrated methods in mutation induction, mutation detection and mutant line development for oil palm improvement. Conventional breeding has clearly been the major focus of genetic improvement in this crop. This tree is native to the area of west africa near the gulf of guinea, which is where its scientific name comes from. Jul 24, 20 a key event in the domestication and breeding of the oil palm elaeis guineensis was loss of the thick coconutlike shell surrounding the kernel. The oil palm can take its place in the world as another major crop that has had its whole genome map sequenced at least in its draft form. Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm elaeis guineensis. Nov 23, 2017 oil palm is the most productive oil crop and the efficiency of pollination has a direct impact on the yield of oil. So far, deli dura mother palm and avros pisifera father palm are used for plant breeding.
The breeding efforts to improve the varieties with high fresh fruit bunches ffb yields is major concern to increase palm oil productivity. P progenies were grown under wellwatered, moderate and severe stressed. As such, any tool that speeds up its genetic improvement process, such as markerassisted breeding is invaluable. Breeding, genetics and genomics, world leading organizations and individuals who have been at the forefront of developments in this crop, provide their insights and experiences of oil palm research, while examining the different challenges that face the future of the oil palm. These weevils complete their life cycle by feeding on male flowers. The editors have all been involved in research and. The oil palm elaeis guineensis is the highest oilyielding crop and has the potential to become the major supplier of both edible oil and renewable industr. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. The oil palm elaeis guineensis originated from west africa, where evidence of its use as a staple food crop dates as far back as 5,000 years. Breeding and genetics of the oil palm sciencedirect. The univanich oil palm breeding programme and progeny trial results from thailand. What is the consequence of this revelation of the oil palm genome. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia an assessment based on a case study in sabah state awang ali bema dayang norwana world wide fund for nature wwfmalaysia. A key event in the domestication and breeding of the oil palm, elaeis guineensis, was loss of the thick coconutlike shell surrounding the kernel.
Ii growth and production of oil palm willy verheye encyclopedia of life support systemseolss pisifera. How i become oil palm seedling breeder, comrade paul i. Our improved oil palm takes three years to start fruiting, and some have five. Stability analysis of oil yield in oil palm elaeis guineensis. Welcome to mpobs journal of oil palm research website. It is a major oil producing plant of the world, with an oil yield. As the oil palm is a very productive world average of 35 thayr of palm oil compared to less than 1 thayr of others oil world annual 2007 and profitable crop with versatile uses from its oils, its areas are expected to increase further.
In practice, progeny and individual palm selection are believed to be the most suitable breeding approach for improvement of quantitative traits in oil palm because their phenotypic expressions are strongly influenced by abiotic factors. Therefore progeny selection approach was applied in this study for the selection of high fresh fruit bunch ffb and dwarf oil palm planting materials. Breeding strategies and genetic resources for oil palm improvement are discussed with a focus on malaysia. These conditions are favorable for genetic improvement, since they allow the selection and development of slowgrowing varieties and clones with. Data collection data on yield and yield components were evaluated from 1982 1986. The oil palm is globally important and the highest yielding oil bearing crop in the world, with an average national yield of 4 tonnes of oil per hectare per year. The occurrence of unexpected fruit forms is a certain indication of problems. Methylchavicol is produced at open flower stage of oil palm. Aa hybrida 2 will be produced in the near future as an improved product. Palm oil is produced from the fruit pulp of the oil palm tree elaeis guineensis.
Deli is the name of a place while avros is the name of a research station in indonesia. Pdf oil palm breeding and seed production in africa. Oil palm, variability, bunch yield, fresh fruit, breeding, nifor. The pisifera palm is usually femalesterile but the tenera yields far more oil than dura, and. Palm oil breeds newest crop of billionaires in kenya. Oil palm is an important perennial oil crop with an extremely long selection cycle of 10 to 12 years. Improvement of palm oil through breeding and biotechnology. Comparative transcriptome analysis of oil palm flowers.
This means oil palm could become an alternative cash crop for residents of western and nyanza regions, who mainly rely on sugarcane. By 2005, the impact of oil palm breeding on oil palm plantations sustainability has been questioned cochard et al. New oil palms promise highest crude palm oil yields in. The fresh fruit bunches with longer stalk are displayed with the length ranging in between 3050 cm. Breeding materials for disease resistance in oil palm current status rajanaidu,n. Oct 03, 2015 the oil palm is the worlds most valuable oil crop. Anza is an oil palm farmerbreeder based in akwanga, nasarawa state, also into breeding of coconut and oranges among others. It is native to west and southwest africa, occurring between angola and gambia. Oil palm is the top oil crop and the only major crop and only oil crop not to have been improved by plant mutation breeding. Pollination by wind can occur but maximal pollination is mediated by the weevil e.
Usually, oil yield is positively correlated with oil content in the fruits of oil palm 28. Sep 18, 2018 oil palm is a major source of oil that has become a common ingredient in many consumer products and industrial applications, such as biofuel, a renewable alternative to petroleum. Agrochemicals, estate, fresh fruit bunch, industrial plantations, land clearing, land management, oil. This characteristic will be included into new oil palm breeding lines. Harvesting of oil palm usually begins at 36 months after. Abstract the development of oil palm breeding in malaysia from 1960 2010 is covered in this paper. Oil palm breeding for high oil yielding phase 3 core reader. A key event in the domestication and breeding of the oil palm elaeis guineensis was loss of the thick coconutlike shell surrounding the kernel.
The supply chain of the palm oil industry in malaysia 4. There is even evidence in egyptian tombs of people being buried with casks of palm oil, reflecting the high societal value. It also includes several topics related to oil palm genomics, tissue culture and genetic engineering of oil palm. The prospected oil palm breeding materials were planted using eight cubic lattice design on september, 1975 and identified as trial 0. Production of crude palm oil cpo and palm kernel 20 3. The african oil palm elaeis guineensis is endemic of the tropical.
The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia. On the basis of elaeis guineensis breeding work involving different countries, the breeding scheme is outlined in its economic, botanic and genetic context and the principal results notably from the first 2 selection cycles justifying the choice of reciprocal recurrent selection are shown under the following headings. Biotechnological efforts at the palm oil institute of malaysia are directed toward the production of oil with high iv and high monounsaturated fatty acids for edible purposes and industrial uses. Aar is different from the others as the plant breeder uses dumpy dura e206 with its short palm features and psifera s27b with high fresh fruit bunch production for plant breeding. The oil palm elaeis guineensis is the highest oilyielding crop and has the potential to become the major supplier of both edible oil and renewable industrial feedstock.
Its production has increased over the decades, reaching 56 million tons in 20, and it gives the highest yields per hectare of all oil crops. The oil palm is seen as the main instrument for socioeconomic development, particularly for the rural areas in malaysia and indonesia but also in. Analysis of male flower, female flower and leaf samples by gcms confirmed that the strong odor from open flowers was due to methylchavicol emission additional file 1. There is even evidence in egyptian tombs of people being buried with casks of palm oil, reflecting the high societal value attributed to the product. Agrochemicals, estate, fresh fruit bunch, industrial plantations, land clearing, land management, oil palm, palm kernels, palm oil, pests. Oil palm is a major source of oil that has become a common ingredient in many consumer products and industrial applications, such as biofuel, a renewable alternative to petroleum. Genetics and genomics crc press book the oil palm is a remarkable crop, producing around 40% of the worlds vegetable oil from around 6% of the land devoted to oil crops. Refined palm oil hydrogenated palm fatty acid distillate finished products vegetable. Growth and production of oil palm ghent university. Jan 01, 2014 the oil palm elaeis guineensis originated from west africa, where evidence of its use as a staple food crop dates as far back as 5,000 years. The oil palm is globally important and the highest yielding oilbearing crop in the world, with an average national yield of 4 tonnes of oil per hectare per year. Introduction the african oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq. The oil palm shell gene controls oil yield and encodes a.
Breeding of high yielding and dwarf oil palm planting. Following the evaluation of the first cycle breeding populations, five deli duraand , eight african tenera dura. Previously, genetic linkage maps based on aflp, rflp and ssr markers were developed and qtls for fatty acid composition and yield components identified. Averaged over all txt crosses, in four trials with between 1500 and 2500 palms each, the illegitimacy proportion of. Production, processing, characterization, and uses serves as a rich source of information on the production, processing, characterization and utilization of palm oil and its components. Consequently the availability and sharing of such a large amount of data is currently reshaping most of oil palm breeding strategies. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Vitamin e contents in fats and oils lard palm kernel oil coconut oil olive oil cocoa butter peanut oil sunflower cotton seed oil safflower soyabean oil palm oil tocopherols tocotrienols 600 800. The oil yield from wild groves is presently less than 0. Given that breeding can manage genetic variability in the development of superior varieties, it is an ideal means for producing highperforming oil palms. Oil palm breeding for high oil yielding phase 3 core. Genomewide identification of markers for selecting higher. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. New oil palms promise highest crude palm oil yields in industry.
The above traits could be improved through breeding and biotechnology. Elaeis from greek, meaning oil is a genus of palms containing two species, called oil palms. Unfortunately, not only does palm oil promote heart disease. Oil palm plantations, along with logging, fires, and other factors, destroy rainforest habitat. Genetic background of three commercial oil palm breeding populations in thailand revealed by ssr markers puntaree taeprayoon1, 2patcharin tanya2, sukha lee3,4 and peerasak srinives 1program in plant breeding, faculty of agriculture at kamphaeng saen, kasetsart university, kamphaeng saen, nakhon pathom 73140, thailand. Cruel oil iv palm oil, one of the worlds leading agricultural commodities, is widely used as a food ingredient and cooking oil.
Growth and production of oil palm willy verheye, national science foundation flanders and geography department, university of gent, belgium keywords. The african oil palm elaeis guineensis the species name guineensis referring to its country of origin is the principal source of palm oil. Assessment of genetic diversity of nifor oil palm main. Attraction of weevils to oil palm flowers is due to the emission of methylchavicol by both male and female flowers. Indonesia and malaysia contribute nearly 90% of worlds production. It should not be confused with the other two edible oils derived from palm fruits. However, through breeding and selection, the oil yield of commercial plantations could reach as much as 8 thay.
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